1、一類是新(xin)廢銅(tong)，它是銅(tong)工業(ye)出產過程(cheng)中發生(sheng)的(de)廢料。冶金廠(chang)的(de)叫(jiao)“本(ben)廠(chang)廢銅(tong)”（“home scrap”）或“周(zhou)轉廢銅(tong)”(“runaround”)。銅(tong)加工廠(chang)發生(sheng)的(de)廢銅(tong)屑及直接回來(lai)供給廠(chang)的(de)叫(jiao)做“工業(ye)廢雜銅(tong)”、“現(xian)貨廢雜銅(tong)”（“prompt”）或新(xin)廢雜銅(tong)。

　　2、另(ling)一(yi)類(lei)是(shi)(shi)舊(jiu)(jiu)廢(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，它是(shi)(shi)使用(yong)后被(bei)拋棄的(de)(de)物品(pin)(pin)，如從舊(jiu)(jiu)建(jian)筑物及(ji)運輸系統拋棄或拆開的(de)(de)叫(jiao)舊(jiu)(jiu)廢(fei)雜(za)(za)(za)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基資(zi)料，不(bu)管(guan)處于裸露狀況，還是(shi)(shi)被(bei)包在(zai)最(zui)終產(chan)品(pin)(pin)里(li)，在(zai)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)壽(shou)數周期的(de)(de)各個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)都(dou)可收(shou)回(hui)再生。一(yi)般來(lai)說，用(yong)于再生的(de)(de)廢(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中新廢(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)占一(yi)半以上。而悉數廢(fei)雜(za)(za)(za)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)再加工后有(you)大約(yue)1/3以精(jing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)方式回(hui)來(lai)商(shang)場(chang)，另(ling)2/3以非精(jing)煉銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金的(de)(de)方式從頭使用(yong)。直接使用(yong)廢(fei)雜(za)(za)(za)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)前提是(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)厲的(de)(de)分(fen)類(lei)堆(dui)積及(ji)嚴(yan)厲的(de)(de)分(fen)揀。直接使用(yong)廢(fei)雜(za)(za)(za)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)具有(you)簡(jian)化(hua)工藝、設備簡(jian)單、收(shou)回(hui)率高、能耗少(shao)、成本低、污染輕(qing)等(deng)長處。直接使用(yong)廢(fei)雜(za)(za)(za)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)多(duo)少(shao)，大體上反映了一(yi)個(ge)國家銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)再生水平。相(xiang)比之下(xia)，我(wo)國廢(fei)雜(za)(za)(za)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)直接使用(yong)率較低，每年(nian)約(yue)為20萬t，僅占廢(fei)雜(za)(za)(za)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)總(zong)收(shou)回(hui)量的(de)(de)30%~40%，而且黃銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)加工材的(de)(de)出產(chan)多(duo)由(you)鄉(xiang)鎮企業運作，大大降低了經(jing)濟效益，并在(zai)能耗、環保方面帶(dai)來(lai)后患。

　　我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)進口廢(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)首要來自美(mei)(mei)、日、德(de)、俄，其(qi)間美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)高居(ju)榜首，而美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)廢(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)辦理又(you)有嚴厲的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)。以美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)分(fen)類規(gui)(gui)范(fan)作為典型加(jia)以介(jie)紹。美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)廢(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)根據純度進行分(fen)類。美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)廢(fei)雜金屬再生研(yan)究所甚至把銅(tong)(tong)及其(qi)合金細(xi)分(fen)為5